HP 5370B : 20 Picoseconds Time Interval Accuracy . A test with MTI 260 and Trimble OCXO’s

Time  has come to make some measure and  view the actual performance of some time and frequency standards that I’ve got here.In the market, there are many instruments that can perform this kind of job: frequency counters and time interval counters  for example.

Since I can not afford   instruments such as the Microsemi  5120a, A7-MXU etc.,(which can easily go down 10 picoseconds accuracy (!))  I found in a  laboratory in Germany   the HP 5370B, which boasts a T.I. (Time interval)  resolution  of about 20 picoseconds (HP Application Note )  I was lucky to find a really good one  and, despite the years, well maintained too .

The unit comes with its internal  oscillator  : an HP 10811-60111 an OCVCXO ( oven-controlled voltage-controlled crystal oscillator )  it is also  possible to use an external reference standard like a rubidium or a cesium (see later)  . Since the internal computer in frequency counter mode it is a little old (’80…) , considering its age it is better to use this instrument as a time  interval counter to achieve the maximum possible performances. The first question, as soon I’ve received the 5370B , was : how i can be sure that this unit is calibrated? So i decided to measure its accuracy  using  Febos’s method with a  1PPS from a Xli GPS receiver  ( xli ). I have connected the same signal to the start and the stop triggers, measuring the time difference as soon the signal arrive to   the start  and leave it to the stop trigger as it exits from the coaxial cable (both of 20 meters ,with a  interval  of 51 ns) using  1 second sample size . I connected the unit to the PC to collect   binary T.I. data   (or phase) measurements using TimeLab software  After normalizing data, filling gaps and drift errors i was able to plot the overall phase using Stable32 :

Despite some spikes of 60 picoseconds (probably due to the room temperature, or cable ?) the  overall mean was around  of 20 picoseconds. Luckily the unit seems to be calibrated and ready to perform some other measurements. To complete this test, i created a Modified Allan Deviation graph to plot the system stability in the  time domain . 

 MTI 260 OCXO vs Trimble 73090 OCXO

I moved then to a first  test between two OCXO’s : The MTI 260 ( Lucent KS-24361 HP/Symmetricom Z3809A, Z3810A, Z3811A, Z3812A low cost GPSDO system ) mounted on a Lucent KS-24361 (free running) and the highly acclaimed Trimble 73090 (free running too).  You can find the second one on many cheap GPSDO on ebay. 

For reference, i’ve used a Rb Oscillator connected to the HP 5370B, the PRS10 Rubidium Frequency Standard from Standford Research Systems . It was also connected to the 1PPS from  a GPS receiver . Here is a screen example using Rb Mon to monitor the output from the PRS10 .

Both oscillators were up and running for 24 hours before the test. First the MTI 260 OCXO. As described from Milliren Technologies :

The 260 Series is an ultra high stability/high reliability oven controlled quartz crystal oscillator (OCXO). The 260 Series OCXO offers thermal stabilities from 2.0E-010 to 4.0E-009 over a 100^oC temperature range, rivaling Rubidium atomic clock performance without the wear-out phenomena associated with Rubidium standards. The 260 Series OCXO has been used in many applications worldwide as a direct replacement for atomic clocks, providing a substantial cost savings both in the short and long term.

The premises are excellent. Indeed  my Lucent it is always ON and just works very well disciplined by GPS too. ( gpsmonitor  now offline ) . But what is the performance when  this OCXO it’s in free run? Here are the results of 24 hours running , the PRS10 as reference using both 10MHz,  one second sampling rate:

The overall results seem to be in line with the manufacturer’s specifications ( 260_MTI ) : at 10 seconds (short term stability) is about 4E-12  and after 24 hours at 5.91E-12 . This means less of 200 ns/day! Let’s see the Trimble instead :

 

 

As you can see there is an order of difference between those OCXO… The Trimble it is a medium performance OCXO : 5E-11 at 10 seconds and 6E-11 after 24 hours running. This means less than few microseconds in 24 hours. The MTI it is one order better than the Trimble . Here is the final graph using Miles’s TimeLab Software , plotting the MTI, the Trimble and the accuracy resolution of the HP 5370B (1PPS test)

Finally I’ve created two plots of the Dynamic Stability of both oscillators. It uses a sequence of sliding time windows to create an Allan analysis showing changes in clock behavior versus time. It is able to detect clock stability (noise burst, changes in noise etc.)that would be difficult to see in an ordinary overall stability analysis. ( see more )

MTI 260 DVAR :

Trimble 73090 DVAR: